Fear and false information can fan the flames of the stigmatization and misunderstanding of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). But since one in five American adults has a STI, it’s important to know the true risks of these infections, along with how they spread and how to take preventative measures against them.
Determining which STIs someone is likely to get depends most on geography. For instance, syphilis on the West Coast, HIV in the Northeast, chlamydia is common in the Midwest while gonorrhea is more common in the South. Urban areas have higher rates than rural ones; Southern cities have the highest rates of all American regions. States vary as well; Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Utah have far lower rates than states like Minnesota, Louisiana, South Dakota, Alaska, and Georgia, which report over 1,000 cases per 100,000 population.
Furthermore varying in frequency are STIs depending on race and socioeconomic level. Black Americans, for instance, are primarily impacted by gonorrhea; White Americans and Hispanics/Latinos by syphilis; and other races by chlamydia. Those from lower socioeconomic levels—that is, those without insurance, ride public transit, or live below the poverty line—are more likely to have a STIs. Comparatively to previous generations, a disproportionate amount of young people are also affected.
Unsurprisingly, personal behavior also affects risk. Unprotected sex is the most direct method of transmission. STI risk is also increased by having several sexual partners; women who have five or more partners are eight times more likely to have a STI. Higher STI rates are also correlated with substance use, particularly alcohol and cocaine, since these substances impair judgment and encourage riskier sexual conduct.
Prevention is definitely possible: regular testing, regular condom usage, immunization, and open communication can significantly lower the spread of STIs. People are empowered to make safer, healthier decisions when aware of what risks they are facing.
